What Does The Differential Do In A Vehicle?

The differential is a key component in any vehicle, which helps deliver torque to drive the wheels while allowing them to turn at different speeds while driving. It is an essential part of your car. Without a proper working differential, it can wear down over time. It’s important to keep in good condition for safe driving. 

What is A Differential? 

Engines are made up of hundreds of parts, with each component serving a purpose to keep it running while driving. The differential is a key component in any car that helps deliver torque to the drive wheels while allowing them to turn at different speeds during a turn. Whether the car is front-wheel, rear-wheel drive, or all-wheel drive, a differential is necessary. 

How Does a Differential Work?

Differentials have two main components: the ring and pinion gears. The ring gear is attached to the assembly containing a smaller set of gears. These smaller gears are known as spider gears, which are made up of another set of pinion gears and the ring gears. This is the set of gears that supplies the differential action.  

Types of Differentials 

Open differential

Most differential systems contain open designs, which are the most reliable and simple differential layouts. The powered pinion gear engages with the ring gear to send power to both axles. The only issue is the possibility of tires slipping in less-than-ideal conditions. The engine torque will transfer regardless of where a wheel has traction or not, causing that tire to spin/slip. 

Limited-slip differential

A limited-slip differential is similar to an open differential, except it can transfer power to both wheels if one were to lose traction. The limited-slip differential contains a few extra parts to help prevent wheel slip. 

Locking differential

Locking differentials are commonly found on off-road vehicles and sometimes on performance models. They utilize springs and clothes that activate the lock, ensuring the same amount of power is sent to each wheel regardless of the traction. 

Torque-vectoring differential

The torque-vectoring differential is the most advanced; it uses a complex range of sensors and different electronics that pull data from the steering wheel and more to provide maximum traction to the driver. 

Signs of Differential Trouble

Like any component, a differential can start to wear down. It’s good to know some of the signs and symptoms that indicate your differential is starting to wear, so you can have it checked sooner rather than later. 

Some symptoms to look out for:

Whining or howling noises while turning or accelerating

Vibration or resistance when turning corners

Burning smell from under the vehicle (overheating fluid)

Visible leaks around the differential housing

Clunking or grinding from the rear or front axle

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s a good idea to have your vehicle inspected right away. Catching differential problems early can prevent further damage and avoid costly repairs. 

Differential Service in Austin, TX

If you need differential service, don’t hesitate to reach out to the friendly team at Edgestone Automotive in Austin! The differential is a key component in any vehicle; it helps deliver torque to the wheels while allowing them to rotate at different speeds. Without a proper working differential, it can wear down over time. It’s important to keep in good condition for safe driving. Our technicians have extensive experience servicing differentials of various makes and models. Give us a call or schedule online today!